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Meningitis is a bacterial infection that can cause severe swelling
of the brain and spinal cord. This disease is potentially very
dangerous because it is relatively rare and it is often mistaken
for a minor cold or the flu and, as a result, is ignored. The
bad news is that up to 1 out of 5 people who develop meningococcal
disease will die. Of those who survive, up to 1 in 5 will suffer
from permanent disabilities such as amputation, brain damage,
hearing loss, and seizures. Recognizing the characteristic signs
and symptoms of meningococcal disease is critical and potentially
lifesaving. The most common early symptoms of meningitis are similar
to the flu. Many people complain about having a headache, fever,
stiff neck, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity
to light. Some people also develop a purplish red rash of small
dots, mainly on their arms and legs.
Since the early 1990's, the number of meningitis outbreaks has
increased in the United States. In fact, between 1991 and 1997
the number of cases of meningococcal meningitis nearly doubled
from 308 cases to 600 cases among young adults (15-24 years of
age). And new data from across the country continue to show that
college-aged students, particularly freshman, living on campus,
have a significantly higher risk of getting meningococcal disease
than young people living off campus.
Why are college students more likely to get meningococcal disease?
They often engage in activities that are part of campus life,
such as living in crowded residence halls, going out to bars,
drinking alcohol, smoking, and/or being around someone who smokes.
And because the infection is easily transmitted through the air
via droplets of respiratory secretions, direct contact with infected
persons (eg, kissing, and/or sharing of utensils, drinking glasses,
or cigarettes) puts your child at risk. Even if your child lives
off campus and doesn't drink or smoke, he or she may still be
at risk for meningococcal disease because of close contact with
other students during classes and activities.
Studies show that over 70% of all cases of meningococcal disease
in college students are vaccine-preventable. Today's meningococcal
vaccine can help to protect your child against the most common
forms of meningitis (bacteria strains A, C, Y, and W-135). The
vaccine is generally safe and well tolerated. However, as with
all vaccines, some reactions (eg, soreness or redness at the injection
site, mild fever) can happen. Vaccination against meningitis is
relatively inexpensive compared to lass of limbs and the neurological
damage that this potentially fatal disease can cause.
Talk with your child's doctor or healthcare provider about meningitis
vaccination. Call the McMurry University Health Office (325-793-4857)
for further information or to reserve a vaccine for your child.
Educational information provided by Aventis
Pasteur, Inc.
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