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An atom is the smallest piece of an element. But we can take a piece
of the atom off - the electron. I can throw electrons. I can use
electrons to see an atom. If I throw an electron at an atom slowly,
it bounces off and I register the atom as a solid object -- This is
like trying to throw a penny through a spinning bicycle wheel; the
spokes get in the way. If I throw the penny fast enough (with enough
energy) it can penetrate the electron cloud and see that the
atom is hollow inside except for a very small clump at the
center - the nucleus.
There is an inward force (a centripetal force) on the electrons which
are in orbit around the nucleus. It is not the gravitational force,
which is very weak. It is the electrical force. If I (somehow) grab
the nucleus and move it over, the electron cloud will follow the
nucleus.
Next: Introductory Atomic Physics
Up: The Atom
Previous: How Do we See?
Joseph Christensen
2001-05-02