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hadron: This type of particle is affected by the strong interaction. They may or may not also be affected by the weak interaction. This is to be compared against leptons. According to the current theory of the standard model hadrons are made up of quarks which can be divided into families. The hadrons are further categorized depending on which constituent quarks are bound together. These categories are the mesons and the baryons.

hamiltonian: (Named for the developer William Hamilton)

half-integral: (see integral, half-)

hole: Generally, the atoms in a semicondutor will form bonds with neighboring atoms in such a manner that each atom sees a "closed shell". Since the acceptor atom introduces fewer electrons, the shell is not closed; all of the electrons are tightly bound. The lack of a closed shell in the context of a semiconducting material is referred to as a hole. If an additional electron can be found, it will tend to fill the hole (close the shell). Occaisionally, it is possible for an electron in a neighboring closed shell to fill this shell leaving a new unclosed shell behind. So, the flow of electrons to the right (each moving right to fill a hole and leaving a new hole behind on the left) is equivolent to a hole moving to the left.