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Event Summary 

1941 US & Canada Enter WWII.
1942: A visible amount of plutonium is isolated for the first time.
Brazil enters WWII.
Initiation of The Battle of Stalingrad
Fermi Oversees 1st Artificial Chain Reaction and build 1st nuclear fission reactor
1943
1944 Final Entry in the Diary of Anne Frank
Paris freed: Charles de Gaulle marches down the Champs Elysees
1945 Detonation of the first fission bomb in New Mexico desert
"Little Boy" lands on Hiroshima, Japan
Unconditional Japanese surrender
Indonesian declaration of independence from the Netherlands 
1946 Gamow proposes big-bang cosmology
1947
1948 Bardeen, Brattain, & Shockley demonstrate the first transistor
1949
1950