Part I.  Identification: A portion of the exam will be based upon your ability to identify and give the significance of the following terms.  For each one, be prepared to write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) in which you consider the "who, what, when, where, and why" of each item, as well as why these are SIGNIFICANT.  The item might be the first, last, most typical, exceptional, beginning or end of something, start or end of a trend, turning point, or some other factor that sets it apart from other items. Out of the 10 points offered for each item, approximately 70% of the grade for each item will be awarded for correct identification, with the remaining 30% counting towards the significance.  Those terms appearing on the exam will be selected from the following:
 
 

tidewater	fall line	Aztecs	Adena-Hopewell	Mississippian
Pueblo/Hohokam	Thorvaldsson	caravel	Pizarro	Cortes
Narvaez	Encomendia	St. Augustine	Giovanni Verrazano	Jacques Cartier
Samuel de Champlain	Sir Walter Raleigh	Francis Drake	Spanish Armada	"Sea Dogs"
Roanoke	Richard Hakluyt	coureurs de bois	Virginia Company	John Smith
Powhatan	Sir Edmund Sandys	headright	indenture	John Rolfe
Nathanael Bacon	William Berkeley	predestination	John Calvin	separatists
congregationalists	Plymouth Plantation	John Winthrop	freeholders	Half-way Convenant
Thoomas Hooker	Anne Hutchinson	Roger Williams	Salem	Edmund Andros
Kinig Phillip's War	quitrent	William Penn	James Oglethorpe	redemptioners
enumerated list	"Salutary Neglect"	asiento	Louisbourg	Fort Duquesne
Edward Braddock	William Pitt	George Grenville	Proclamation Line	Sugar/Revenue Act
writs of assistance	Samuel Adams	Paul Revere	Stamp Act	Sons of Liberty
virtual representation	actual representation	Stamp Act Congress	federalism	external taxation
internal taxation	Declaratory Act	Charles Townshend	John Dickinson	Townshend Duties
"Committee of Correspondence"	Tea Act	Gaspee	Boston Massacre	Coercive Acts
Quebec Act	"Olive Branch Petition"	Thomas Paine	Common Sense	Benedict Arnold
Bunker Hill	Trenton	John Burgoyne	Saratoga	Valley Forge
Baron Von Steuben	Lord Cornwallis	Daniel Morgan	Nathaniel Greene	Cowpens
Guilford Courthouse	Yorktown	Treaty of Paris	Cincinattus	unicameral
bicameral	Robert Morris	Newburgh	Alexander Hamilton	poll tax
tariff	Jay-Gardoqui Treaty	Daniel Shays	Annapolis Convention	James Madison
Virginia Plan	New Jersey Plan	"Connecticut Compromise"	Anti-Federalists	Federalist Papers

Part II.  Essay:  A portion of your grade will be based upon your ability to write clearly and concisely while making a coherent argument.  The exam will include a choice of questions based upon the topics outlined below.  While they may not appear exactly in the same format, the information asked for will be essentially the same.  Your task is to craft that information into an effective essay.  To write persuasively, it is absolutely necessary that you develop an argument (take a point of view), write in complete sentences, and use proper grammar.  An "A" essay will be one that does all of these, as well as contains specific examples from the text and lectures to support any assertions that are made.

Imperial Development:  Spanish, English, French -- What were their goals? How were their colonies established?  Who did it?  Why?  How did they make money?  How effective were they?  How were their colonies alike?  How were they different?

Colonial Development -- How did the English colonies develop?  What were the goals of the respective colonies?  Who established the colonies?  Why?  How did they make money?  How effective were they?  What sorts fo challenges did they face (internal or external)?  How were the colonies alike?  How were they different?

Origins of the American Revolution -- In 1763, the colonists considered themselves Englishmen, but by 1776 they sought independence.  How did this happen?  Was it an overnight process, or was it the consequence of a series of actions?  Are the British totally at fault for what happened?  Why (or why not)?  

Military Aspects of the American Revolution -- Did the Americans truly win, or was it victory simply by not losing?  How did British strategy evolve?  What did the Americans have to do in order to win?  What factors (internal or external) contributed to the ultimate American victory?

Political Aspects of the American Revolution -- How is the American Revolution a struggle over home rule, as well as a struggle over who is going to rule at home?  What are the fundamental arguments associated with the formation of the new republic?  What issues divided the Constitutional Convention?  How were these differences settled?  How was the Constitution ratified?  Was it a conservative action?  Why (or why not)?

Nature of the American Revolution -- Is it the true liberating event of human history, or was it simply a small step of a larger process of human development?  Why were the winners?  Why?  Who were the losers?  Why?  Do the "Founding Fathers" really deserve all the credit they receive?  Are the "Founding Fathers" hypocritical?